External electrical vaporizer for combustion-engines.



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H. HBRTZBBRG. i EXTERNAL ELECTRICAL VAPOBIZBB FOR CGMBUSTION EN APPLICATION FILED MAR. 12. 1907.

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Patented Jan. 19. 1909.

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WI T/VE SSE S mama:

INVENTOH yflerz :7 AT? m n s UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY surname, or new Yon-u s. Y., ASSIGNOR r ABBOT AUGUSTUS Low, or HORSE- SHOE, NEW YORK.

EXTERNAL ELECTRICAL VAPORIZER FOR UOILBU'S ZIQH-ENGMS.

Specification of Letters Patent:

Application filed Ketch 12, 1907. Serial No 362,017.

Eaten'ted Jan. 19, race.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that. L-Hxnnr Hen'rzuuno, a citizen of the United States. residing at, the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Exi ternal Electrical Vaporizer for Combustion- Engines. of which the following a specification.

This invention is a vaporizer for internal combustion engines, the latter being adapted for operation. more particularly, by the explosion of charges containing kerosene.

It is found that an engine can not he started quickly when a combustible mixture of if and kerosene is first supplied to the cylinder, owing to the fact that the kerosene has a tendency to condense by contact with the cold surfaces of the cylinder and its head.

. Ordinarily, the cylinder is heated by some external appliance or flame: but such opera tion consumes time and labor, besides waistin; the fuel, or the engine may be started by using naphtha or gasolene, and thereafter run by the combustion of kerosene. but this requires two kinds of fuel to be supplied, and provision must be madefor storing the extra startmg fuel and for nqectmg the same Into a mixing chamber to be eomminglcd with air for producing the explosive mixture.

'lhe olucct of this invention is to quickly vaporize a liquid combustible when starting and while operating; an engine, thus requirin; only one kind or grade of fuel to be used in the operation of the engine.

My vaporizer is intended for use on an englue externally to the cylinder thereof, and

it. contemplates the employm nt of means whereby a mass of metal may quickly be heated by an electric current to produce a hot vaporizing surface, against which a liquid A portion of an ordinary engine cylinder is indicated at. A, said cylinder having =9. water jacket, a', and a head, B, the latter being provided with a chamber, 1),, whereby water may circulate around the cylinder and through the head. The cylinder head is shown as having an opening in whiohis fitted a flanged sleeve, 0, the inner end of which is provided with a seat for the intake valve, D. said valve having a stem, d, which passes throu h a guide tube, 0, of the sleeve, C. The inta 'e valve, D, is held normallyon its seat by aspring, d, and said valve is adapted to be actuated positively by suitable mechanical connections with a moving part of the engine, although it is evident that the valve, D, may be operated by suction, as is common in this class of engines.

E designates a casing arranged externally of the cylinder head and forming a guide for the stem of the intake valve, said casin also supporting the external vaporizer of this invention, as 'well' as providing means for the connection of the fuel supply pipe, 1. As shown, the casing, E, is substantially elbowshaped, said casing having a flange, e, at its inner part, which flange rests on anexternal flange, 0 of the sleeve, C, whereby the easing and the sleeve are adapted to be secured to the cylinder head, B, by bolts, e. The casing, E, is shown as having a guide, at, tor the up er part of the valve stem, (1, and -on this v: ve stem operates an adjusting screw, g, of an operative lever, G, the latter being fulcrumed on a short arm, .g, which is .a part of the casing, E. At its other end the lever, G, has an adjusting screw, 9 which is engaged by a rod, G, the latter being in turn operated by a movable partof the engine in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.

H designates a vaporizer, and I is an'electrically operated heater therefor. The vaporizer consists of a hollow body, which is composed preferably of a me al. of high heat conductivity, whereby the body of 4 the vaporizer is adapted to be quickly heated by the electrically opeiated heater, I. The

vaporizer H is attached to the casing, E, at

its opposite end from the sleeve, 0, and as shown, said vaporizer forms a continuation of the casin E, to which it is rigidly ,attached. ai vaporizer is insulated electrically from the casing, E, and as shown, the, vaporizer and the casing clamp between themselves a diaphragm or partition, J, the

indicated by dotted lines in Fi 1. vThe body of the vaporizer, H, is provided on its upper side with an annular flange,-h, forming an air inlet, It, to-the chamber of the vaporizer body. On this flange, Ii, rests an .air valve, K, shown in detailinlFig. 2.

Said valve is provided with openings, l:, and a suitable handle, is, the valve being pivoted to the vaporizer body by'bolts, 6: It. is evident that the valve may be adjusted to bring its openings, la, more or less into regis tration with the air inlet, It, of, the vaporizer, and by ad usting .the valve, K the volume of air to be admitted to the yap0- rizer may be regulated as described Any suitable form of electrical heater'may be employed in connection with the vaporizer, ll. As shown, the heater, I,is coniposed of metallic plates, 2', i, an electrical resistance, l, a core, m, on which the electrical resistance is wound or coiled, and layers of insulating material, '11, 0, thus producing a composite body which is of compact construction and 15 secured to an open portion ofthe yaporizer, 1-1, by suitable bolts, 1), one =of wluch is indicated by dotted .lines in F ig., 1. The core, m, is composed preferably of a layer of mica, and theelectrical resistance, Z, is a metallic wire or ribbon which is wound non-inductively on'said core.

. Against one side of the electrical resistance is placed the layer, n, of insulating material,

and the two end portions, m, of the resistancewire or ribbon are insulated from the coil by another layer of insulating ngiterral,

' o'-, after which the layer of insulating ma terial, o, is placed against the end portions,

in of the resistance wire or ribbon.

- lhe electric heater is confined between I the metallic plates, 2' i, said plate, 2', being i in contact with the body of the va orizer,

be. heated quickl or it.may be in one piece therewith. It i is preferred to make the body, H, and the lates, 2', z", of copper in order that they may i by the heat developed in the resistance, of the electrical heater, whereby the resistance is substantiall in contact'with the plates, 2', i, and the "ody I of the .vaporizer, H. This constructionis plates, 2',

adYantageous for the reason that the copper and the body, H, constitute a rapidly as it is eneruted in the resistance j of the electrical eater,- The nd portions, m, m', of the resistance terminate in circuit contacts or terminals which are ada ted to be engaged by the terminals of a p ug, L, the latter being similar to the plug employed inthe sockets of incandescent lighting systems. Said plug is adapted to be screwed into the socket, M, which is provided with a face plate, M, the latter being insulated from the plate, i, by a layer 01 material, 9. The face plate, M, of the socket, M, is adapt ed to be fastened by the bolts, p, to the easing of the aporizer, II, and the parts composing the electrical heater, I, are thus clamped between the socket plate, M, and the vaporizer, H. As is usual in engines of this class, the charges of combustible vapor are adapted to be exploded in the engine cylinder by an igniter, O, of any suitable type The fuel supply pipe, is coupled to a jet nozzle, P, the latter eing attached in a suit able way to the casing, E. The diaphragm, J, is between the jet nozzle P, and the vaporizer, and said nozzle is adapted to supply a jet or stream of combustible fluid, preferably kQIOSBllE, across the casing, E, and into the chamber of the vaporizer, ll, whereby the stream of tluid is broken up by the diaphragm, J. It is preferred to so construct and-arrange the parts that the jet nozzle, P, is opposite to or in line with the electrical heater, I, thus making provision for the jet 4 of kerosene to strike against the hot surface presented by the electrical heater or by the walls of the vaporizer, ll.

The operation is as follows: When the engiiie is started. a current. of electrical energy is supplied by the conductors of the plug, L, to the positive lead'of the electrical resistance, Z, the current traversing said resistance and beingreturned by the negative terminal to the proper conductor of said plug, L. The electrical resistance heats up very quickly, and the heat developed thereby is absorbed rapidly by the plates, 2', 2", and

the body of the vaporizer, H, whereby the plate, i, and the body of the vaporizer are eated in a few minutes time to the temperature neeessur to convert the combustible mixture of air and fuel into an explosive charge to be admited into the engine cylinder. The valve, K, having been adjusted and the engine started or cranked so as to operate the pump for supplying a jet of kerosene through the nozzle, 1, the liquid is projected against the metallic gauze-diaphra m, J, which. breaks up the stream. The spray ofliquid mixes with the air admitted to'the chamber of the vaporizer, H,

and the liquid isconverted by contact with the plate, i, or the body of the vaporizer, H, into a va r, which va )0! is drawn through the diap iragm, J, an the chamber of the cylinder, A, whenthe valve, D, is opened. The charge thus admitted is compressed in the piston chamber,

and at the proper time the igniter, Q, is,

operated to explode said charge, thereby driving the piston downwardly. The dethe casing, E, into 40 mass presentin scribed operations are repeated indefinitely so as to supply the vapor to the engine cylinder in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.

Having thus fully described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secured by Letters Patent is:-

1.- In an engine of the class described, an external starting vaporizer composed of a chambered box or casing composed of a metallic mass of high heat conductivity, the inner surfaces of said box or casing forming a vaporizing surface, on electric heater ositioned externally with respect to the momher of said box or casing and engaging di-' rectly with the metallic mass composing the same, whereby the entire metallic mass may be brought quickly to a temperature suitable for vaporizing a liquid combustible, and

means for spraying aliquicl combustible across said box or casing and into contact Wltll said electric heater.

2. In an engine of the classdescribed, an

' external starting vaporizer comprising a box or casing composed of a hollow copper mass of high heat conductivity, the inner surface of said box or casing constituting a. vaporizing surface, anclectrically-cperated heater positioned externally on said box or casing and engaging directly with the metallic'mass thereof for rapidly heating the same, means for in ecting a liquid combustible across-the chamber of the box or casing and into con tact with an element of the aforesaid heater,- and means for admitting air to the interior of the copper mass,

3. In an engine of the class described, an

external start-ing vaporizer-comprising abox or casing composed of a chambered metallic a relatively large area of vaporizing sur ace for contact with a coinbustible fluid, said box or casing having an opening at one end, an electrically operated' heater positioned externally on said box or.

QQJFBQSlIIg, at the open end thereof, and engag-i ing directly with the hollow mass composing 'the sanie, for initially heating said metallic niass, means for spraying a liquid combusth ble in said box or casing, and means for ad- 5Q mitting air to the chamber of said box or casino.

4. in an eiiginef of the classdescribed, the combination with avalve box, of avaporizing box or casing open at one end and secured externally to said valye'box', an exteriial electrically-operated heater operating to close the 0 en end of the box or cash g and engaging irectly therewith, and means for spraying 9. liquid combustible across .t-bc

do vaporizin box and into contact with an element 0 the aforesaid heater.

i '5. In an engine of the class described, an external starting vaporizer comprising a chambered box composed of a metallic mass 66 of high heat conductivity, =seid box haying 6. In a startin vaporizer, a chambered box having an opening at one end and composed of a metallic mass of high heat conductivity,

means for rcgulhling the admission of air to the chamber of said box. an electrically operated heater positioned externally to the box, at the open end thereof, and provided with a metallic plate which engages directly with-the metal composing the box for directly heating the metallic mass, and means for spraying a combustible liquid into the chamber and into contact with the metal plate of said beaten Y 7. In a starting vaporizer, the combination with a. valve box, of a chambered vaporizing box composed of a metallic mass of high heat c nductivity. an electrically operated heater positioned externally on, and in mechanical contact with, an end of said chambered box for directly heating the P16- tallic mass thereof, an air inlet to said chainbated box, and means for spraying a liquid combustible into said chamber of the vaporizing box.

8. In a starting vaporizer, an elbow 7 shaped-valve box, a chambered vaporizing box positioned externally on said valve box and forming a continuation thereof, said vaporizing box being composed of a different metal from that of the valve box, and an electrically-operated heater in engagement with the metal of the vaporizing box for quickly heating the latter, said l eatcrhaving an exposed socket-connection.

9. In a starting vaporizer, af chambered metallic vaporizing box having an opening at one end, an electrical heater positioned externally on the box and closing the opening in the end thereof, said heater being provided with aii insulated metallic member which is in direct contact with the metal composing said box, and means for injecting ,a combustible fluid into contact with the inner surfaces of said metallic box and. with metallic member of the heater.

10. Iii'a starting vaporizer, a chambered metallic vaporizing box ha ing an openi i 1g" at one end, means fJr regulating the admissioniof air to the chamber of said box, an

electricallyoperated heater positioned externally on the sistanceincased open end of said box, said heater being provided with an electrical in a mass o f heat-abso'rbing heating the latter, and means for supplying a a combustible liquid to said vaporizing box.

11.111 :1 starting vaporizer, an elbow shaped valve box, a vaporiz ng box composed of a hollow metallic mass of high heat;

conductivity, said vaporizing box being posi- 1 to tioovd externally on said valve box and I5 fOl' in uni ed at one end liltlC'aO, an, air inlet to soul vaporizer, an

riziug box and po-ationed externally thereon, g the hollow mass composing said 21;; box, and means for supplying a Yitllm mmbrstible liquid to said vaporizing box, \vlmwlrv said lupin! combustible con-- vernal into a vapor by contact with the inno gm-laces of the vaporizer.

A 1:. in a torling vaporizer, the combinaih-n with a valve box, of a vaporizing'box t 'liL ih'ln't l of a CllilllllJtl'Ltl metallic mass and setulttl externally to said valve h ox, an air inlet to mi l vaporizing box, an external electrical h ater having an insulated metallic member in direct contact with the metallic ma; compming said vaporizing box,

. i 3 and means ior .eupplymg' a combustible ll-ttllll to th chamber of said vaporizer.

13. in a starting vaporizer, the eoinbina- 5 tion with a valve box, of a vaporizing box in communication therewith, a foi'aniinous g partition between the valve box and the vaporizmg box, an electrical heater on the vaporizing box, and means for supplying a.

electrically operated heater s cured to the other end of the \apov name to this specification in the combustible liquid through saidrforaminous partition and into a chamber of the vaporizing box.

14. In an external vaporizer, a chambered box having an air inlet 'and an opening at one end, and an electrically-operated heater composed of a mass of heat absorbing metal and an electrical resistance inc'ased in said metallic mass, the etallic mass of said heater being in direct engagement with the end thereof foreclosing the same.

15. in a starting vaporizer, a vaporizing {box having an air inlet, an electrically- !operated heater positioned externally on j said box, said heater having an imperforate vaporizing member and an electrical reistance insulated from said member, the I said vapt'u'izing member of the heater being 1 in mechanical engagementwith the body of the vaporizer and, also, presenting an imerforate vaporizing surface which is exg posed in the chamber 0, said box for conf tact with a liquid combustible, and means for spraying a liquid combustible against; 1 said surface of the vaporizing member and, :ulso, into contact with the walls of the vaporizihg box. In testimony whereof l x l l l I have signed my presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HARRY HERTZBERG.

iitnesses: 1 i

, Geo. WnLLino Gmnmos,

[ H. T. BERNHAnD.

chambered box and applied across the open 

